Abstract: To survey the development of expert system，this paper partitions expert systems as 5 stages： rule-based，
frame-based，case-based，ontology-based，and web-based，on the basis of development sequence.In each stage the concept of
corresponding expert system is analyzed，the typical algorithm is put forward，and some representative examples are advanced. Then，the development law is proposed，which is advised to consist of principle development law and technique development
law.The principle development obeys the negation of negation law while the technique development can be seen as the interdisciplinary.
In the end，the further direction of research is predicted.

摘要： 为了概括专家系统近期的发展，按照发展次序，将专家系统划分为基于规则、基于框架、基于案例、基于模型和基于网络的5 个阶段。对每个阶段分析了对应的专家系统的思想，给出典型算法，并通过若干示例进行详述。然后总结了专家系统的发展规律，将其分为原理突破与技术突破两大类，原理突破服从“否定之否定”的发展规律，技术突破本质上是与其他学科的交叉。文末预测了进一步的研究方向。