考虑分时电价影响下的电动货车配送路径优化研究

doi:10.3778/j.issn.1002-8331.2405-0252

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 使用电动货车来代替传统燃油车进行城市配送已成为物流行业发展的趋势。在使用电动货车时，不同时间的电价对配送成本的影响显著。针对分时电价因素下电动货车配送路线问题研究，建立了考虑不同电价、客户时间约束以及电动货车电量的约束条件并且使每辆车的出发时间不同，以配送总成本最小为目标的数学模型。根据模型对模拟退火算法进行改进，并用Solomon数据集进行验证。实例结果表明，在配送过程中电价不同幅度的变化对目标值都有较为明显的影响。最后得到在不同电价下的充电量策略：在高电价下选择于30%~70%区间、低电价下选择70%~100%区间。对物流配送企业具有参考意义。

关键词: 电价, 配送成本, 充电区间, 城市配送

Abstract: The use of electric trucks to replace traditional fuel vehicles for urban distribution has become a trend in the development of the logistics industry. When using electric trucks, the impact of electricity prices at different times on distribution costs is significant. A mathematical model is established to study the distribution route problem of electric trucks under the factor of time of use electricity price, taking into account different electricity prices, customer time constraints, and constraints on electric truck electricity quantity, with the goal of minimizing the total distribution cost by making the departure time of each vehicle different. The simulated annealing algorithm is improved based on the model and validated it with the Solomon dataset. The example results indicate that the changes in electricity prices of different magnitudes during the distribution process have a significant impact on the target value. Finally, the charging strategy under different electricity prices is obtained: selecting the 30%~70% range under high electricity prices and the 70%~100% range under low electricity prices. It has reference significance for logistics and distribution enterprises.

Key words: electricity price, delivery costs, charging interval, urban delivery

朱长征, 陈阳, 鲁亮. 考虑分时电价影响下的电动货车配送路径优化研究[J]. 计算机工程与应用, 2025, 61(18): 358-367.

ZHU Changzheng, CHEN Yang, LU Liang. Research on Optimization of Electric Truck Distribution Route Considering Influence of Time-of-Sale Price[J]. Computer Engineering and Applications, 2025, 61(18): 358-367.

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